DOCUMENTO PREPARADO POR INSTITUTO BOLIVIANO DEL CEMENTO Y EL HORMIGÓN PARA EL MINISTERIO DETRANSPORTES Y OBRAS PÚBLICAS DEL ECUADOR
(Document prepared by Bolivian Institute of Cement and Concrete for the Ministry of Transport and Public Works of Ecuador)
This document is a translation of the book “Thickness Design for Concrete Pavements Highway and Street” published by the Portland Cement Association (PCA) of the United States of America (1984 with reprint 1995). Authored by Ing. Erasmo Fernandez, this is a translation used by the University Ricardo Palma of the Republic of Peru, and serves as the basis for this edition. Despite the time lapse, the method presented here has had very few variations and is an alternative to AASHTO Method. Use of this document is based on nomograms and tables included, but was the first automated “pcapav” (PCA design procedure) program that has been transformed to “street pave” (ACPA design & analysis software for street & local road pavements) currently in use and which can be accessed via internet. The Bolivian Institute of Cement and Concrete, under Technical Consulting Contract on Rigid Pavement and Mixtures with Hydraulic Binders signed with the MTOP, have prepared this manual as an alternative for pavement design method AASHTO-93, and to incorporate concepts such as erosion and fatigue that are important for understanding the complex behavior of pavements.
This publication will be useful and serve as reference manual for professionals and students. Complemented with new design manuals and AASHTO pavement overlays and DIPAV- 2 software greatly facilitate optimization in pavement design in the Republic of Ecuador.
This publication refers to the method of PCA—To determine the thickness of slabs that are appropriate to withstand traffic loads on streets, roads and concrete roads. The purpose of design is the same as for other engineering structures: get the minimum thickness resulting in the lowest annual cost for the initial investment costs and maintenance. If the thickness is greater than necessary, the pavement will provide a good service with low maintenance costs, but the initial investment cost will be high. If the thickness is inadequate, premature and high maintenance costs and interruptions in traffic will exceed the initial costs low. Proper engineering designs required thickness appropriately from swinging the initial cost and maintenance costs.
While this publication focuses on the topic of design thickness, other design aspects are equally important to ensure proper operation and duration of concrete pavement: 1) Provision for reasonably uniform support 2) Prevention “pumping” or sludge discharge in the case of relatively thin subbases—treated or untreated with cement, should the expected truck traffic is large enough to cause it. 3) Use of a joint design that ensures adequate load transfer and facilitate the use of seals if required to make them effective, prevent damage thereof due to leaks. The publication includes:
PROLOGO – PROLOGUE
INDICE – INTRODUCTION
CAPITULO 1 – Chapter 1
Application Procedures Design Calculation
Programs Available
Basis for design Metric Version
CAPITULO 2 – Chapter 2
FACTORES DE DISEÑO – DESIGN FACTORS
Resistencia del Hormigón a la Flexión – Concrete resistance to flexion
Soporte de la Subrasante y Subbase – Holder for subgrade and subbase
Periodo de Diseño 8 Tráfico – Period 8 Projecting Traffic Design
Proyección – Projection
Capacidad – Capacity
ADTT (Average Daily Truck Traffic – Tráfico Diario Promedio de Camiones)
Distribución Direccional de Camiones – Directional Distribution Trucks
Distribución de Cargas por Eje – Distribution of axle loads
Factores de Seguridad de Carga – Factors Cargo Security
CAPITULO 3 – CHAPTER 3
PROCEDIMIENTO DE DISEÑO – DESIGN PROCEDURE
Diseño de Pavimentos de Hormigón – Método PCA – Concrete Pavement Design – PCA Method
Análisis por fatiga – Fatigue Analysis
Análisis por Erosión – Erosion Analysis
Problemas Ejemplo – Example Problems
Cálculos del espesor: Diseño – Calculations thickness: Design
CAPITULO 4 – CHAPTER 4
Procedimento de Diseño Simplificado – Design Simplified Procedure
Problemas Ejemplo – Example Problems
Diseño 3 – Design March
Diseño 4 – Design April
Comentarios Sobre el Procedimiento Simplificado – Comments On the Simplified Procedure
Módulo de Rotura – Modulus of Rupture
Periodo de Diseño – Period Design
Juntas con Pasajuntas ó con Trabazón de Agregados – Together with dowels or with Grasp Aggregates
Tablas de Diseño Desarrolladas por el Usuario – Design tables Developed by User
APENDICE A – APPENDIX A
DESARROLLO DEL PROCEDIMIENTO DE DISEÑO – DEVELOPMENT PROCESS DESIGN
Análisis de Pavimentos de Hormigón – Analysis of Concrete Pavement
Pavimentos con Juntas – Together pavements
Pavimentos Continuamente Reforzados – Continuously Reinforced floors
Posición de las Cargas del Camión – Charges position Truck
Variación en la Resistencia del Hormigón – Variation in the strength of concrete
Incremento de Resistencia del Hormigón con la Edad – Increased concrete strength with age
Alabeo y Curvado del Hormigón – Warping and bending of Concrete
Fatiga – Fatigue
Erosión – Erosion
APENDICE B – APPENDIX B
DISEÑO DE PAVIMENTOS DE HORMIGÓN CON CAPA INFERIOR (SOLADO) DE HORMIGÓN POBRE
– DESIGN OF CONCRETE FLOOR WITH UNDERLAYMENT (FLOORING) CONCRETE POUR
Subbase de Hormigón Pobre – Concrete subbase Pour
Pavimento Monolítico – Monolithic Floor
APENDICE C – APPENDIX C
ANALISIS DE CARGAS AXIALES TRIDEM – THRUST LOADS ANALYSIS TRIDEM
APÉNDICE D – APPENDIX D
ESTIMACIÓN DEL VOLUMEN DE TRÁFICO POR CAPACIDAD – ESTIMATE OF THE VOLUME OF TRAFFIC CAPACITY
Capacidad ADT en Carreteras de Multiples Carriles – ADT capacity multi-lane highways
Capacidad de Carreteras de dos Carriles – Capacity two-lane roads
To download the Spanish publication PDF through the Instituto Boliviano del Cemento y el Hormigón (IBCH), please click here.
For the PCA Publication in English, please click here.